The Rwenzori region consisting of 7 districts (Kabarole, Kyenjojo, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kyegegwa,
Ntoroko and Bundibugyo) of Western Uganda has for decades been characterized by conflicts associated
with cultural and ethnic differences that exist among the people of the region. The conflicts between
cultural groups have always raised questions about governance; leadership and fairness in the sharing
and use of natural resources e.g. land. Although the recent conflicts could have some connection with
historical incidents in the region, they possess a distinguishable character of their own. The current
conflicts between ethnic groups have been triggered by the recent reintroduction and recognition of
cultural leadership. This recognition and facilitation by the government of Uganda resulted into the
re awakening of historical conflicts, the feeling of inequality between ethnic groups and the fears
that certain cultural groups will have little or no share in the natural resources including the recently
discovered oil and gas.
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